How To Grow And Care For Chamomile Plant

Chamomile, a fragrant herb known for its daisy-like flowers and soothing properties, has been cherished for centuries for its various medicinal and culinary uses. Growing and caring for chamomile plants is a rewarding experience that not only beautifies your garden but also provides a source of relaxation and potential health benefits. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into how to grow and care for Chamomile plant, covering everything from choosing the right variety to harvesting and utilizing this versatile herb. Let’s start…

Botanical Name:

Chamomile (generic term for both German and Roman Chamomile)

German Chamomile: Matricaria chamomilla

Roman Chamomile: Chamaemelum nobile

Family: Asteraceae

Genus:

Matricaria (for German Chamomile)

Chamaemelum (for Roman Chamomile)

Plant Type:

German Chamomile: Annual

Roman Chamomile: Perennial ground cover

Flower Shape:

Both German and Roman Chamomile have daisy-like flowers with a prominent yellow central disk and white petals radiating outward. The flower structure resembles a flattened disc or cone.

Flower Colour:

The flowers of both varieties typically have white petals surrounding a yellow disk. The central disk contains the tiny, tubular florets, while the white petals give the appearance of a classic daisy.

Plant Size:

German Chamomile: Typically grows to a height of about 2 to 3 feet.
Roman Chamomile: A low-growing perennial ground cover, reaching a height of around 6 to 12 inches.

Common Name:

Common Chamomile (used for both German and Roman Chamomile)
German Chamomile is also known as Wild Chamomile or Hungarian Chamomile.
Roman Chamomile is sometimes referred to as English Chamomile or Lawn Chamomile.

Variety:

Chamomile encompasses various varieties and cultivars, each with its own unique characteristics. For example:

‘Bodegold’ is a variety of German Chamomile known for its high essential oil content.
‘Treneague’ is a cultivar of Roman Chamomile appreciated for its compact growth, making it suitable as a ground cover.

Selecting the Right Chamomile Variety:

Chamomile comes in two primary varieties – German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). German chamomile is an annual plant with feathery leaves and reaches a height of about 2 to 3 feet. Roman chamomile, on the other hand, is a perennial ground cover that grows to a height of around 6 to 12 inches. Consider the space available in your garden and whether you prefer an annual or perennial variety before making your selection.

Choosing the Ideal Growing Location:

Chamomile thrives in well-drained soil and prefers full sunlight. Ensure that the planting site receives at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight daily. While chamomile is adaptable to various soil types, it generally prefers loamy or sandy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level (around 5.6 to 7.5).

Planting Chamomile Seeds:

Chamomile is typically grown from seeds, which can be sown directly into the garden or started indoors. If starting indoors, begin about 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost. Plant the seeds in a well-draining seed-starting mix and keep the soil consistently moist. Once the seedlings are large enough and the risk of frost has passed, transplant them into the garden, spacing them about 6 to 12 inches apart.

Caring for Chamomile Plants:

Watering:

Chamomile prefers moderate watering. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water at the base of the plant to prevent issues like mildew.

Fertilization:

Chamomile is not particularly demanding when it comes to fertilization. A balanced, all-purpose fertilizer applied in the spring is generally sufficient.

Mulching:

Apply a layer of organic mulch around the chamomile plants to help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.

Pruning:

Regular pruning helps to encourage bushier growth and more abundant flower production. Pinch back the tips of the plants when they reach a height of about 6 inches.

Companion Planting:

Chamomile is known to benefit other plants in the garden. Planting chamomile near vegetables like onions and cabbages can help deter pests.

Dealing with Common Chamomile Pests and Diseases:

While chamomile is relatively resilient, it can still face challenges. Keep an eye out for common pests like aphids and spider mites. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can be effective, but always opt for organic solutions when possible. Additionally, ensure good air circulation around the plants to prevent fungal diseases.

Harvesting Chamomile:

Harvesting chamomile flowers should be done when they are fully open but just before the petals start to droop. The best time to harvest is in the morning after the dew has dried. Gently snip the flower heads, leaving some stem attached. Regular harvesting not only provides you with fresh chamomile for various uses but also encourages continuous flower production.

Drying and Storing Chamomile:

To preserve chamomile for later use, it’s important to dry the flowers properly. Spread the harvested flowers in a single layer on a clean, dry surface, away from direct sunlight. Turn the flowers regularly to ensure even drying. Once dried, store the chamomile flowers in airtight containers in a cool, dark place. Properly dried chamomile can retain its flavor and medicinal properties for an extended period.

Utilizing Chamomile:

Chamomile has a wide range of uses, making it a valuable addition to your garden. Here are some common ways to utilize chamomile:

Herbal Tea: Chamomile tea is renowned for its calming properties. Steep dried chamomile flowers in hot water for a soothing beverage.
Medicinal Applications: Chamomile is known for its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. It can be used topically in the form of a poultice or added to bathwater for a relaxing soak.
Culinary Use: The mild, apple-like flavor of chamomile makes it a delightful addition to salads, soups, and desserts. Fresh or dried flowers can be used in various recipes.
Aromatherapy: The essential oil extracted from chamomile flowers is often used in aromatherapy for its calming and stress-relieving effects.

Overwintering Chamomile (for Perennial Varieties):

If you’re growing Roman chamomile or another perennial variety, you may need to protect your plants during the winter months. Mulch around the base of the plants to insulate the roots, and consider covering them with a layer of straw or leaves for added protection against frost.

Propagation:

Chamomile can be propagated by dividing established plants. Divide the plants in the spring or fall, ensuring that each division has roots attached. Replant the divisions in well-prepared soil, and water them thoroughly.

Growing and caring for chamomile plants can be a delightful and fulfilling endeavor. Whether you are a gardening enthusiast, herbalist, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty and utility of this versatile herb, following the steps outlined in this guide will help you cultivate healthy chamomile plants that can enhance your garden and contribute to your well-being. From selecting the right variety to harvesting and utilizing the flowers, chamomile is a valuable addition to any garden, providing both aesthetic appeal and practical benefits. Happy Gardening…